ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
PROFESSOR CAROL SCOTT LEONARD PRANEPA, CO-DIRECTOR, CENTER
FORRUSSIAN STUDIES
FELLOW ST ANTONY’S COLLEGE,
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
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WHAT IS A GOOD PROJECT? REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Содержание
- 1. WHAT IS A GOOD PROJECT? REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- 2. OUTLINEMulti-level Governance: Age of ExperimentationChallenges for regionsExperimentation
- 3. MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCEAGE OF EXPERIMENTATIONJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 4. MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCEEvolving Patterns Regions, previously ignored, now central
- 5. DECENTRALIZATIONUS and Germany:Regions acquiring greater authority
- 6. ISSUES FOR REGIONS: THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE
- 7. EQUALIZATION OR GROWTH: THE
- 8. BOTH GOALS IMPORTANTChoices require flexibilityThe answer tomorrow
- 9. REGIONAL/FEDERAL PROGRAMS MUST BE COORDINATEDCanada, Austria and
- 10. MANY FEDERATED STATES ARE RELATIVELY CENTRALIZEDTax collection
- 11. CENTRALIZATION TENDENCIESJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 12. July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 13. DIFFERENT COUNTRIES DIVERGECanada allocates decision-making downward (except
- 14. RUSSIAN FEDERALISM: EXPERIMENTATION Centralized Soviet command economy Decentralization
- 15. July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ
- 16. WHY MANY COUNTRIES STILL FOLLOW CENTRALIZED MODELRegions
- 17. DISTRIBUTED GOVERNANCETRENDSState (polity=C) has shrunkSociety (society=A) has
- 18. EXPERIMENTAL GOVERNANCESupple public and private organizations Capable of
- 19. CHALLENGES FOR RUSSIA’S REGIONSKEY ISSUESJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 20. REGIONAL GENERAL ISSUES Water Electricity Sewage Police Roads Education Care: disabled, elderly, unemployed Emergencies: floodsJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 21. SPECIAL ISSUES Diversification in energy abundatnt regions Ecology-Exploration
- 22. EACH SPHERE HAS BUNDLE OF TASKSFor example,
- 23. HUMAN RESOURCESMust be approached by: Multi-level government New technology
- 24. DROUGHT IN RUSSIA’S SOUTHWhat is the answer?July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 25. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT WILL DIFFERIn Rostov, Volgograd, Stavropol
- 26. DROUGHT MANAGEMENTCaused by combinations of meteorological, hydrological
- 27. FLOODING Federal , Local and Regional InteractionJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 28. July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ
- 29. FLOOD MANAGEMENT: REGIONAL AND LOCALJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 30. EXPERIMENTATIONAS A WAY OF GOVERNINGJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 31. WHAT SEEMS TO WORKIdeas from other transition
- 32. ANSWERS EMERGINGRegions as “Investment Machines”Coordinated policies toward
- 33. ANSWERS FROM RUSSIA: LEADERSHIPIn the 1990s, right
- 34. THE KALUGA JOINT SUCCESSSpilling over with successJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 35. FEDERAL AND SUBNATIONAL EFFORTPro-Investment StrategyBegins 2006Results staggering:July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 36. STARTING POINT: 1998Location: Along Moscow–Kiev motorway, backbone
- 37. THEN DECLINE, THEN GROWTHIn 1990s, output shrank
- 38. July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 39. WHAT HAPPENED?“Investment Promotion Machine” as in Central
- 40. KALUGA PROJECTS (2005-8) WITH FEDERAL SUPPORTPublic funds
- 41. July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ
- 42. INDUSTRIAL ZONESCreated four industrial zones (linking Kaluga,
- 43. STARTED WITH 4 MAJOR INVESTORSVolkswagen, PSA joint
- 44. SPILLOVERSReal estate investors (housing construction boom)Residence and
- 45. RESULTSRegional Industrial Output Grew by 63% from 2006-2008 Particular
- 46. PARTNERSHIPSFederal level industrial policy: High duties on
- 47. EXPLOITING PROXIMITY TO MOSCOWTransportation infrastructure allows close
- 48. PROBLEMSCorruption continuesThere are high costs—constructionFinancial crisis struck
- 49. SUCCESSFUL REGIONAL PROJECTJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 50. WHAT IS A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT?CONCLUSIONJuly 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 51. TECHNOLOGICAL AND INVESTMENT ORIENTATIONTechnologies that foster economic,
- 52. DIFFUSION OF GOVERNANCE CAPACITYFoundation is the law
- 53. ADAPTABLE TASK-ORIENTED PROJECTSFederal level can resolve what
- 54. LOOSE AND CONTROLLED GOVERNANCEContracts should be transactional
- 55. INDICATORS FOR CONTROLLED PROJECTSResults or process orientedOutcomes
- 56. INDICATORS FOR LOOSE GOVERNANCEImproved skills and processesImproved
- 57. THE END July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
- 58. Скачать презентанцию
OUTLINEMulti-level Governance: Age of ExperimentationChallenges for regionsExperimentation as a Way of Governing The example of KalugaWhat is a Successful Project? July 24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 1WHAT IS A GOOD PROJECT?
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ
ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
FORRUSSIAN STUDIES
FELLOW ST ANTONY’S COLLEGE,
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
Слайд 2OUTLINE
Multi-level Governance: Age of Experimentation
Challenges for regions
Experimentation as a Way
of Governing
The example of Kaluga
What is a Successful Project?
July 24,
2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 3MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE
AGE OF EXPERIMENTATION
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ
РФ -2012
Слайд 4MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE
Evolving Patterns
Regions, previously ignored, now central to
theorizing
Historical industries and
new sectors
Traditions of governance evolving, Taylorism
declining
Globalization of Trade and
InformationCurrent Era: one of Experimentation
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 5 DECENTRALIZATION
US and Germany:
Regions acquiring greater authority over programs
Coordination between
Federal and Regional levels for cross-border issues
Sustainability policies: they work
better at the regional levelAt all levels: Integrative policy approaches
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 6ISSUES FOR REGIONS: THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE US
Environmental issues previously
resolved at the Federal level now allocated to regions
State spending
grew far faster than Federal SpendingFrom 40% in 1980s to 60% of programs now at state level; states spend twice the amount
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 7
EQUALIZATION OR GROWTH:
THE TRADE-OFF IN REGIONAL POLICY
Federal and Regional programs
Some
fiscal transfers for welfare
Some sectoral policies
Some competitive pressures
Multi-level planning
is criticalMake up for regional differences in capacity for solving problems, capacity for learning new routines, economic advantages
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 8BOTH GOALS IMPORTANT
Choices require flexibility
The answer tomorrow may be different
from the answer today
Is the answer going to help govern
better?I.E.:
Does the answer promote learning, is it incentive compatible with growth, is it incentive compatible with multi-level cooperation
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 9REGIONAL/FEDERAL PROGRAMS MUST BE COORDINATED
Canada, Austria and Switzerland, among federations,
have the greatest difficulty coordinating regional and national planning
US
and Germany are more successful, there is more devolution at planning stage and more federal support for local plansNew: Multi-level regulation, combining positive hierarchical coordination with innovative and competitive regional policies
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 10MANY FEDERATED STATES ARE RELATIVELY CENTRALIZED
Tax collection almost entirely centralized
for efficiency (mobility of the tax base and tax composition
within the country)In Russia—lack of trust in fairness and organizational capacity of the regions; an effort to increase tax discipline
Legal and administrative affairs are centralized
Spending (via transfers) is largely targeted funds
Who decides what to target?
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 13DIFFERENT COUNTRIES DIVERGE
Canada allocates decision-making downward (except not to municipalities)
The
principle is adaptivity
Profit tax is federal, but provinces can add
to itThe chart below shows how this has evolved:
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 14 RUSSIAN FEDERALISM: EXPERIMENTATION
Centralized Soviet command economy
Decentralization in the early
1990s
Recentralization in late 1990s, vertical imposed
Post 2012 re-decentralization
The 83 Regions:
July
24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 15July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
RUSSIA’S FAST
ADVANCING REGIONS: MOST =
NEXT =
Слайд 16WHY MANY COUNTRIES STILL FOLLOW CENTRALIZED MODEL
Regions can be greatly
influenced by interest groups, and devolution can lead to extreme
inequalityRegional interests can dominate over classic views of efficiency (example—regions in Canada resist the VAT)
Also, provincial voters can be unsure about trade-offs (education vs health care—young/old voters)
Also, this system is expensive: Russia is still moving toward an improved administration
But regions may eventually acquire the profit tax revenue
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 17DISTRIBUTED GOVERNANCE
TRENDS
State (polity=C) has shrunk
Society (society=A) has expanded
New actors
link all three
Policies are shared
Technologies “co-evolve”
BOULDING TRIANGLE
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ
КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 18EXPERIMENTAL GOVERNANCE
Supple public and private organizations
Capable of regularly redistributing responsibility
according to the nature of the task rather than on
the basis of a rigid authority structure.Spontaneous determination of the most appropriate level for wielding power and taking responsibility
Weakening the attribute of most prevailing governance systems--hierarchical or top-down methods for determining goals and means
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 19CHALLENGES FOR RUSSIA’S REGIONS
KEY ISSUES
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ
ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 20REGIONAL GENERAL ISSUES
Water
Electricity
Sewage
Police
Roads
Education
Care: disabled, elderly, unemployed
Emergencies: floods
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС
АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 21SPECIAL ISSUES
Diversification in energy abundatnt regions
Ecology-Exploration Trade-off in Arctic
Agricultural
infrastructure
Drought and Flood
Transportation
One-industry Towns
Corruption and Trust
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ
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Слайд 22EACH SPHERE HAS BUNDLE OF TASKS
For example, Human Resources
July 24,
2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 23HUMAN RESOURCES
Must be approached by:
Multi-level government
New technology (digitalization of records)
Training
for E-government
Youth programs (Tatarstan!)
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ
РФ -2012
Слайд 24DROUGHT IN RUSSIA’S SOUTH
What is the answer?
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС
АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 25DROUGHT MANAGEMENT WILL DIFFER
In Rostov, Volgograd, Stavropol and Kalmykia Republic
(South)
Saratov, Orenburg (Volga federal district)
Kurgan, Chelyabinsk (Urals)
Kemerovo (Siberian federal
district)July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 26DROUGHT MANAGEMENT
Caused by combinations of meteorological, hydrological and storage water
deficiencies: long-term response
Surface water storage: on and off-stream storages.
Groundwater
Re-use:
treated sewage and grey water.Storm water: for treatment and supply by water authorities.
Networking systems: transfers of water within and between basins which were previously independent harvesting and supply systems.
Rainwater tanks
Dead storage pumping: water contained below conventional offtake levels.
Cloud seeding: a potential long-term measure, previously undertaken by the CSIRO to stimulate rainfall from suitable cloud formations.
July 24, 2012
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Слайд 27FLOODING
Federal , Local and Regional Interaction
July 24, 2012
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АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 28July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
REGIONAL PROJECTS
FOR
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
Stormwater Flood Management
Grants to manage stormwater runoff
to reduce floodingGroundwater recharge,
water quality improvements,
ecosystem restoration benefits, and
reduction of in-stream erosion and sedimentation.
Слайд 29FLOOD MANAGEMENT:
REGIONAL AND LOCAL
July 24, 2012
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ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 30EXPERIMENTATION
AS A WAY OF GOVERNING
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ
ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 31WHAT SEEMS TO WORK
Ideas from other transition countries
Ideas from the
EU
Ideas from Russia’s own experience
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ
ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 32ANSWERS EMERGING
Regions as “Investment Machines”
Coordinated policies toward inward investment
Combined efforts
by Regions, State, Localities
Good government
Predictability
Trustworthiness
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ
ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 33ANSWERS FROM RUSSIA: LEADERSHIP
In the 1990s, right resources seemed to
be the answer (no military industries)
Now it is clear that
the right leaders is the answerJuly 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 34THE KALUGA JOINT SUCCESS
Spilling over with success
July 24, 2012
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АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 35FEDERAL AND SUBNATIONAL EFFORT
Pro-Investment Strategy
Begins 2006
Results staggering:
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС
АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 36STARTING POINT: 1998
Location:
Along Moscow–Kiev motorway, backbone of the spatial
economic organization
Proximitiy to Moscow (170 km)
Regional economy
Military-oriented (one/half
employees in 1980s)Machine-building
Production of transportation and related equipment (mainly for railroads),
Science, nuclear physics research Russia’s First Nuclear Reactor:
in Obninsk (106,000 population)
Few natural resources (some ag, timber, logging)
Wood-working and paper industries
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 37THEN DECLINE, THEN GROWTH
In 1990s, output shrank by almost 60%
After
2006, it began to grow far faster than Russian average
As
next figure shows* *Dmitry Zimin, “Promoting Investment in Russia’s Regions,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2010, 51, No. 5, pp. 653–668.
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 39WHAT HAPPENED?
“Investment Promotion Machine” as in Central European States
Foreign involvement
does not always produce wealth (financial gap, no spillovers)
Require consensus
among political and economic elites at national/regional/local levelNo single project can do it
Requires stable, predictable and honest government
Greenfield investments work best
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 40KALUGA PROJECTS (2005-8)
WITH FEDERAL SUPPORT
Public funds invested in industrial parks
(techno-parks)
Public funds invested in transportation infrastructure (Federal investment in Moscow-Kiev
motorway connecting Kaluga/Obninsk with MoscowInvestment financed by borrowing (new corporation)
The Russian Detroit
July 24, 2012
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Слайд 41July 24, 2012
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PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TECHNOPARK
“VOLVO-VOSTOK”
Слайд 42INDUSTRIAL ZONES
Created four industrial zones (linking Kaluga, Obninsk with businesses)
Public
funds reconstructed them, then carefully sold to private investors
Created One-stop
shop for investors (Kaluga Regional Development Agency)Helped investors with permissions (environmental, safety), services, meetings with public officials
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 43STARTED WITH 4 MAJOR INVESTORS
Volkswagen, PSA joint venture, Samsung Electronics
and Volvo Trucks
A stream of others followed
Only Greenfield projects: property
rights still insufficiently protectedJuly 24, 2012
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Слайд 44SPILLOVERS
Real estate investors (housing construction boom)
Residence and Entertainment Parks
Entry of
investors from many countries
South Korea, Russia, French, Swedish
Foreign retail chains
July
24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 45RESULTS
Regional Industrial Output
Grew by 63% from 2006-2008
Particular in automotive industry
Foreign
investment skyrocketed
Retail sector grew
Public sector funded a new Development Corporation
to look for more fundsJuly 24, 2012
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Слайд 46PARTNERSHIPS
Federal level industrial policy:
High duties on imported cars
Allows foreign
automotive investors to bring in parts duty free
Local production required
for 30% of total costJuly 24, 2012
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Слайд 47EXPLOITING PROXIMITY TO MOSCOW
Transportation infrastructure allows close communication
As Moscow grows
more expensive, Kaluga is attractive alternative for investors
July 24, 2012
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Слайд 48PROBLEMS
Corruption continues
There are high costs—construction
Financial crisis struck Kaluga
Debt rises (result
of borrowing)
Budget income fell by 4% (nominal)
However, federal transfers rose
by 14%July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 50WHAT IS A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT?
CONCLUSION
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ
ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 51TECHNOLOGICAL AND INVESTMENT ORIENTATION
Technologies that foster economic, social and technological
dynamism, participation
Outcomes must include learning, changing
Reconciliation of winners and losers
July
24, 2012ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 52DIFFUSION OF GOVERNANCE CAPACITY
Foundation is the law at the Federal
level
But there are intangibles to be produced by regional policy-making:
By delegating: find creative solutions
By localizing stimulate learning and participation
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 53ADAPTABLE TASK-ORIENTED PROJECTS
Federal level can resolve what would create conflict
at the regional level
Regions can learn to work through these
conflictsFind a balance between loose and controlled governance that suits the situation
Flexible supply networks for newly identified needs
July 24, 2012
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Слайд 54LOOSE AND CONTROLLED GOVERNANCE
Contracts should be transactional or relational
Depending on
whether the task calls for loose or controlled governance
Relational tend
to be more effectiveJuly 24, 2012
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Слайд 55INDICATORS FOR CONTROLLED PROJECTS
Results or process oriented
Outcomes are important
Demographic, social,
economic
Responsibility for projects is localized and clear
Milestones and targets well
definedJuly 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
Слайд 56INDICATORS FOR LOOSE GOVERNANCE
Improved skills and processes
Improved trust between levels
of government
Amicable agreements
Implemented by “soft laws” rather than commands and
strict regimesMilestones: Innovation, adaptability, and learning capacity
Development of networks of independent actors.
July 24, 2012
ЛЕТНИЙ КАМПУС АКАДЕМИИ ПРИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТЕ РФ -2012
