Being and consciousness

concept of Matter. Attributes of Matter: Motion, Space and Time.
Consciousness:

Essence and origin. Consciousness, language and communication.

Robert Daglish]. — M. : Progress Publishers, 1983. − 342

p.
John Heil. From an Ontological Point of View / John Heil. — New York : Oxford University Press, 2003. — 267 p.
Jan Westerhoff. Ontological Categories: Their nature and Significance / Jan Westerhoff. — New York : Oxford University Press, 2005. − 261 p.
Supplementary:
Essays in Ontology / [Edwin B. Allaire and others]. − Iowa City : University of Iowa, 1963. − 215 p.
Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology / Hans Burkhardt, Barry Smith. − Philadelphia : Philosophia Verlag, 1991. − 1005 p.
Primary sources:
Aristotle. Metaphysics / Aristotle : [transl. by W. D. Ross]. – Nashotah, Wisconsin : The Classical Library, 2001. — P. 55−71.
Gebhard Geiger. Evolutionary Instability: Logical and Material Aspects of a Unified Theory of Biosocial Evolution / Gebhard Geiger. — New York : Springer-Verlag, 1990. — 167 p.
Martin Heidegger. Being and Time / Martin Heidegger : [transl. by John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson]. — New York : Harper and Row, 1962. — P. 161−165.

determined by man’s practical activity; it is first of all

the human world taken in its real existence.

as initial stuff (Water, fire, atom est.)
Contemporary philosophy
Metaphysical materialism (XVII-XIX

c.)

Matter as a sum total of definite unchanged properties

The concept of matter evolution

is given to man by his sensations, and which is

copied, photographed and reflected by our sensations, while existing independently of them”
V.I.Lenin
“Materialism and Empiriocriticism”

1870-1924

macromolecules, stars and their systems; galaxies; metagalaxies )

Organic nature (precellular;

cellular; multicellular; overcelluler (biosphere))

The society (family; historical forms of human collectives (gen, tribe, ethnical groups, nation), classes and other social groups which are formed according to different marks)

from matter, as it is the mode of its existence.

motion is objective, uncreatable and indestructible, absolute, unavoidable, and universal;

motion is not a pure continuum but the unity of continuum and discreteness, of change and stability, of disturbance and rest.

connection with types of matter and their development are embodied

in the following principles:

1. The specific type of motion corresponds with each level of organization of matter.
2. Among the forms of motion there is the genetic connection. It means that superior forms of motion appear on the bases of the inferior ones.
3. Superior forms of motion are qualitative specific and can not be reduced to inferior ones.

existence of matter characterized by such properties as extension, structuredness,

coexistence and interaction of elements in all the material systems.

The specific properties of space:
tridimensionality
symmetry and asymmetry
forms and sizes
location
distances between bodies distribution of substance and field.

is characterized by such properties of alteration and development of

systems as duration and sequential replacement of one state by another.


The properties of time:
unidimensionality
asymmetry
irreversibility
rhythm of processes
velocity of change of states.

matter, as a form is conditioned by its content, and

every level of the motion of matter possesses its space-time structure

existence, which includes social, cultural, spiritual and practical dimensions.

Social

time is the duration of existence of the mankind, its history; It indicates the extent of variability of social life, material and spiritual processes that occur in society.

primary, matter – secondary (C->M)
Matter and consciousness -

independent entities (C║M)

Consciousness – a kind of matter (C=M)

Consciousness is inherent to all matter(C<->M)

Matter – primary, consciousness – secondary (M->C)

The problem of
consciousness

The governor of
organized matter man’s goal-directed
activity


The highest form of The product of the
reflection (an ideal image social-historical
of the material world) development

CONSCIOUSNESS

of man and connected with speech, a function whose essence

is a generalized and purposeful reflection of reality, anticipatory mental construction of actions and foreseeing their results, and rational regulation and self-control of behavior.

with such property of matter as reflection. But consciousness appears

to be a social form of reflection. It defines man’s ability of an ideal reflecting of the reality and also the mode and forms of such a reflection.

The consciousness of modern man is a product of world history, the sum total of the practical and cognitive activity of countless generations throughout the centuries. Consciousness has both a natural pre-history, the formation of its biological prerequisites in the course of the evolution of animal psyche and social history. It took twenty million years to create the conditions for the emergence of Homo sapiens. Psyche had developed in living organisms with the possession of the property of reflection inherent in all matter.

some features and relations of the object that is reflected.

Reflection in the form of consciousness

Psychical reflection (sensations, perceptions and imaginations)

Physiological reflection (irritability)

Physical and chemical reflection

Society
Man

Sensible organisms

Simplest organisms

Organic nature

Inorganic nature

in the growth of brain matter:
in chimpanzees the volume

of the brain equaled 400 cm3;
in Australopithecus - 600 cm3;
in Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus - 850-1,225 cm3;
in Neanderthal man - 1,100-1,600 cm3;
in modern man - 1,400 cm3.

resemble those of a weaver, and a bee puts to

shame many an architect in the construction of her cells. But what distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in imagination before he erects it in reality. At the end of every labor process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the laborer at its commencement."

certain worldview directives, political, economical, moral, aesthetic and other orientations

component

and determined by man’s practical activity is called…?
Give an

example of spiritual being?
Who gave philosophical definition of matter in XX century?
What is the physiological mechanism of the brain process?
What is a cardinal characteristic of consciousness?