BRAZIL The Unknown Giant Luiz Amaral

185,752,945 (03.04.2006)
Cities: 5,560
States: 26 + Distrito Federal
Regions: 5 (North,

North-East, Center-West, South- East, South)

SP (10,927,985)
Rio de Janeiro – RJ (6,094,183)
Salvador –

BA (2,673,560)
Belo Horizonte – MG (2,375,329)
Fortaleza – CE (2,374,944)
Brasília – DF (2,333,108)
Curitiba – PR (1,757,904)
Manaus – AM (1,644,690)
Recife – PE (1,501,008)
Porto Alegre – RG (1,428,696)

It has the lowest demographic density of all the regions.

Enjoying an equatorial climate, it is washed by the great rivers of the Amazon and Tocantins basins.
The economy is based on vegetable extraction (e.g. latex, palm tree, timber and chestnut), on mineral extraction (e.g. gold, diamonds, cassiterite and tin) as well as large-scale mineral exploration (e.g. iron and manganese).

(28.9%).
The majority of its territory consists of vast and

ancient plateau that has been smoothed by erosion (semi-arid climate).
The economy of the region is based chiefly on the agro-industry (sugar and cocoa).
Big tourist industry.
Oil exploration in Bahia state.
São Francisco is the region's largest river and the only source of all-year round water for those who live on its banks.

(81.3% live in cities).
The climate of the region is

semi-humid tropical, with frequent summer rain.
The economy was initially based on gold and diamond prospecting which was gradually replaced by cattle-breeding.
This region has been undergoing significant changes in relation to its vegetation with the cerrado (scrubland) being gradually replaced by plantations or cattle-rearing.
Visitors from all over the world come to see the rich fauna and flora of Pantanal.

(74.1% live in cities).
It has a sub-tropical climate, except

in the northern region of the state of Paraná where a tropical climate predominates.
The region was colonized by German, Italian, and Azorean immigrants.
Initially based on cattle-rearing, the economy of the South has developed a significant industrial base over recent decades.
Agricultural production makes use of modern cultivation techniques (wheat, soy, rice, maize, beans and tobacco).

largest population: 69 174 339 inhabitants (88% live in cities).

Its typical landscape consists of rounded mountain formations.
Its economy is the most developed and industrialized in the country.
Biggest oil basin in Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro).
Car manufacturers (Volkswagen, Ford, Fiat, Mercedes, Chevrolet, Citroen, Toyota, Honda).
It is the most visited region in Brazil.
Main international airports (Guarulhos – SP, Galeão – RJ).

of Brazilian GDP.
Its GDP is bigger than the GDP

of any other country in Latin America except Mexico.
Its GDP is twice the Argentinean GDP.
It has the best research institutions in Latin America (USP and UNICAMP).
The state houses many of the largest Brazilian and international companies and foreign banks with head-offices in the country.
It is also the headquarters of the eighth largest stock market in the world and the second largest future market.

http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/statistics/gdp/ranking.htm

– 1822)
Empire (1822 – 1889)
Republic (1889 – present)

Brazilian Capitals
Salvador (1549 – 1773)
Rio de Janeiro (1773 – 1960)
Brasília (1960 – present)

Political Organization
Hereditary captaincies (colony)
States (previous provinces) with more local power
States as part of a federative republic

Democracy.
1930 – 1945: Military coup places Getúlio Vargas in power.

1930 – 1937: Vargas interim presidency.
1937 – 1945: Estado Novo (New State).
1945 – 1964: Democratic period.
1964 – 1985: Military Dictatorship.
1985 – present: Modern Democracy.

of great hope.
Influx of international investments.
The economy boomed, but at

some cost.
Inflation and devaluation of the currency.

support.
Polemic figure (prohibited bikinis in Copacabana).
Right-wing president who established relations

with Cuba and Russia.
Resigned in an attempt to gain political power.
His resignation created a political crisis.

system.
1963 – 1964: Presidential system.
Nationalist reforms to face social problems.
Nationalization

of companies.
Increase of organized social groups.
Nationalism vs Imperialism.

1974)
Ernesto Geisel
(1974 - 1979)
João Baptista Figueiredo
(1979 - 1985)
Brazilian Military Presidents

Governo (PAEG)
Reduced budget, deficit, salaries, inflation. GDP grew again.
1969 –

1973: The Brazilian Miracle
GDP grew 11% a year.
Growth was based on more debts and external dependency.
Salaries were very low, and social benefits were lost.
1973 – 1979: Economic Problems
Increase of internal and external debts.
1978 : Strikes in São Paulo.
1980’s: “The lost decade”
Inflation soared, the debt destroyed the Brazilian economy.
IMF imposed a painful austerity program on Brazil.

becomes president and promises to finish Geisel’s work.
1979: General amnesty

(including those who tortured civilians).
New political parties are allowed to exist.
1982: General elections for governors and state representatives.
1984 – Diretas Já! – Direct (vote) now! A civil movement for direct presidential elections.

of Jango (1961).
Jan 15, 1985: elected president by the congress.
Died

in Mar 15, 1985.
Tancredo was the hope for a new country.

government faced several economic problems: huge foreign debt, and inflation.
Plano

Cruzado (economic plan) did not work.
1986: Elections for congress.
1988: New constitution.

a good looking candidate that promised to end corruption and

to modernize the country.
Involved in many scandals, he was impeached in 1992.
Several rallies occurred throughout the country against him.

Dec 1992.
Inflation reached 6000% in 1993.
Franco managed to unite several

political parties and create a successful economic plan (Plano Real) in 1994 that reduced inflation to a single digit.
His minister of Economy was elected president in 1994.

stability.
He privatized several companies (including CSN, and EMBRATEL).
After some

years of economic growth, Brazil’s economy suffered the consequences of world economic crisis.
FHC was reelected in 1998.

poor childhood. At age 12 he worked as a shoeshine

boy and street vendor.
In 1978, he was elected president of the Steel Workers' Union of São Bernardo.
In 1980, he and a group of academics, union leaders and intellectuals founded the Labor Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores - PT).
During the 1990’s PT shifted from a left-wing party to more center-left position.
LULA was elected president in 2002.
Instead of deep social changes (as proposed in the past) his government chose a reformist line, passing new retirement, tributary, labor, and judicial laws, and discussing a university reform.

even for Latin American standards.
During the 19th century Brazil

was poorer than Peru and growth was slow.
During the 20th century the South and South-East regions developed much faster. This created the migration problem.
In the 20th century an educational system had to be built.
The quality of public education is still questionable in some areas.
Before 1950 there were no good public hospitals, and very few public health campaigns.

the last country in the Americas to end slavery (1888).
Social

integration of African-Brazilians and other minorities (caboclos, cafuzos, etc) has been a slow process.
The first affirmative action policies were introduced in the last ten years.
Racial minorities still have less access to good school, and good health system.
Different developing rates among different geographic regions increased the problem.

1992 to 27.5% in 2003 (15.18% in Argentina; 5.7% in

USA, but 14% among African Americans).
97.3% of children (7 to 14) in school in 2003.
99.5% of homes have access to electricity, 89.6% receive public clean water.
17.5% have a computer at home, 13.2% have internet access (although Brazil represents 32% of internet access in Latin America).
“Fome Zero” (Zero Hunger) – A social program that distributes money to selected regions and cities whose inhabitants suffer severe difficulties.
“Bolsa Família” (Family Aid) – the program consists primarily of financial aid to families with incomes of less than US$40.00 per month. It demands that the families send their children to school and keep their vaccines up to date.
Aids program - Brazil's guarantee of access to free antiretroviral (ARV) drugs since 1996. The government promotes public campaigns to educate the population.

world (USA – 18%).
Brazil exports to Europe, USA, China,

Japan, Russia, India (among others).

electronic voting machines.
Each candidate has one number.
We enter

the candidate’s number and see his/her picture and name on the screen.
Official results in less than 24 hours.
Elections in Brazil are considered the most well organized in the continent.

in the world by focusing on specific market segments with

high growth potential in commercial, defense, and executive aviation.
Embraer was Brazil’s largest exporter from 1999 to 2001 and the second largest in 2002, 2003 and 2004. It currently employs more than 16,500 people, 85.5% based in Brazil.

of Brazilian music invented in the late 1950s by a

group of middle-class students and musicians living in the Copacabana and Ipanema beachside districts of Rio de Janeiro.
The music derives from samba but is more complex harmonically and less percussive.

Perhaps the best known bossa nova song is Antonio Carlos Jobim's “The Girl from Ipanema”.

Bossa Nova was popularized in the US by Stan Getz, João Gilberto, Tom Jobim, Frank Sinatra, and Vinicius de Moraes.

available in English)
http://ww2.aegis.com/news/ct/2003/CT030601.html
http://www.embraer.com.br/english/content/home/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova