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Main categories of morality

Main categories of moralityGood and Evil:Difficult to define the borders in-between;Many people do not recognize its existence;Many believe the good and evil are just our perceptions and evaluations;Many see both as

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Слайд 1Main categories of morality

Main categories of morality

Слайд 2Main categories of morality
Good and Evil:
Difficult to define the borders

in-between;
Many people do not recognize its existence;
Many believe the good

and evil are just our perceptions and evaluations;
Many see both as the universal dimensions: one cannot exist without another one.
Main categories of moralityGood and Evil:Difficult to define the borders in-between;Many people do not recognize its existence;Many

Слайд 3Main categories of morality
Good and Evil
What is good?: fundamental question

of ethics;
Honesty, virtues; pleasure – are all these Good?
Activities: “a

good act”; “a good guy”, etc.
E. Moor: “A mistake of a complete mixture of qualities and objects”.

Main categories of moralityGood and EvilWhat is good?: fundamental question of ethics;Honesty, virtues; pleasure – are all

Слайд 4Main categories of morality
Good and Evil: E. Moor:
Pure pleasures cannot

be a good;
Sufferings cannot be just evil;
Kant and Plato justified

“good” with super-naturalism (God, Gods) – that is naturalism;
Main aim is to seek for and find out what is “to be good”
Main categories of moralityGood and Evil: E. Moor:Pure pleasures cannot be a good;Sufferings cannot be just evil;Kant

Слайд 5Main categories of morality
Good and Evil:
A human being cannot be

“automatic” in doing good;
To Be Good is an art;
A. Rorthy:

to have a good will is not enough to be good.
Morality of a human is not coming from the aim. But has to have an internal source;



Main categories of moralityGood and Evil:A human being cannot be “automatic” in doing good;To Be Good is

Слайд 6Good: main intellectual abilities for it (by Frank):
Imagination and open

mind;
Openness towards new changes and innovations;
Ability to choose and cooperate;
Loyalty

and objectivity;
Constructive attitude to conflict situations;
A “just” feeling;
Ability to “push” when needed and to abstain when needed.

Good: main intellectual abilities for it (by Frank):Imagination and open mind;Openness towards new changes and innovations;Ability to

Слайд 7Evil
The same force as good (belief in God and Devil);
Evil

is an absence of good;
Evil often comes from human, his

freedom to act not in a good way.
F. Dostoyevsky: ability to do evil – is a ‘depth’ of spirit of a human being, as well as committing good.
J. Boudreares: “Transparency of Evil”;


EvilThe same force as good (belief in God and Devil);Evil is an absence of good;Evil often comes

Слайд 8Evil: religious and non-religious perceptions
Huge history of literature and art:
‘”Faust”:

Mephistopheles: “I am a part of evil, that always wants

to harm, but acts for good” (Goethe).
‘Master and Margarita’ of M. Bulgakov;
‘Divine Comedy’ of Dante;
Pictures: Renaissance and modernity: the sources of evil being depicted;
N. Berdyaev: Ethics is composed from good and evil as a paradox.
Evil: religious and non-religious perceptionsHuge history of literature and art:‘”Faust”: Mephistopheles: “I am a part of evil,

Слайд 9Conscience
It is an ability to critically evaluate his/her acts and

judge them (if they violate) as improper and imperfection;
F. Dostoyevsky,

N. Berdyaev: it exists even inside the criminal;
It is a reminder of a human nature and mission;
It is a source of sufferings or even a suicide.
ConscienceIt is an ability to critically evaluate his/her acts and judge them (if they violate) as improper

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