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System programming презентация, доклад

Language С: the general characteristic, historical information, the basic advantages Language С is the general purpose programming language. Occurrence of him is closely connected to creation of operational system UNIX for

Слайды и текст этой презентации

Слайд 1System programming
Lecture #1
Artamonov E.B.

System programmingLecture #1Artamonov E.B.

Слайд 2Language С: the general characteristic, historical information, the basic advantages


Language С is the general purpose programming language. Occurrence of

him is closely connected to creation of operational system UNIX for he was developed specially for this system and on him the most part of system software UNIX is written. However language С is not focused on work only in one operational system or by any concrete machine.
Language С: the general characteristic, historical information, the basic advantages Language С is the general purpose programming

Слайд 3Basic properties of language С:
a wide set of managing

designs for the organization of cycles and the conditional transitions

providing an opportunity of a spelling of flexible and well structured programs;

the big set of operators and operations, many of which suppose direct translation in a machine code;

variety of primitive types of the data, including an opportunity of management in length of integer and material variables;

presence of means for designing new aggregated types of the data;

Basic properties of language С: a wide set of managing designs for the organization of cycles and

Слайд 4Basic properties of language С:
an opportunity of direct work with

machine addresses through the device of indexes;
presence of the preprocessor,

allowing to make change to the text of the program directly ahead of its compilation;
block structure of a program code, an opportunity of work with various classes of memory and means for modular programming
Basic properties of language С:an opportunity of direct work with machine addresses through the device of indexes;presence

Слайд 5Preparation for performance and performance of programs
Language C concerns

to number compiling programming languages. It means, that preparation for

performance of the С-program includes the following stages:
input of the initial text of the program in a file by means of any editor of texts (the name of a file, as a rule, has standard expansion);
compilation of the program, i.e. transformation of her description in the source language in a semantic equivalent on a computer language, named the objective module (the name of a file in which the result of compilation is located, usually has expansion "OBJ");
construction of the loading module ready to performance from objective modules, including modules from external libraries (the file containing the ready program, has a name with expansion "EXE").
Preparation for performance and performance of programs Language C concerns to number compiling programming languages. It means,

Слайд 6Elements of language C
THE ALPHABET
Letters and figures - the

big letters of the latin alphabet A B C D E

F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z - small letters of the latin alphabet a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
decimal figures 0123456789
Elements of language C THE ALPHABET Letters and figures - the big letters of the latin alphabet

Слайд 7Elements of language C
THE ALPHABET
Special symbols blank! " *

% and ' () * +,-./:; ? [\] ^ _

{|} ~

Names of objects programs (identifiers) Identifiers in language С are sequences of letters and the figures, beginning with the letter, and the symbol of underlining (_) is considered by the compiler as the letter. The big and small letters of the latin alphabet are considered various. Length of the identifier be formal can any.

Elements of language C THE ALPHABET Special symbols blank!

Слайд 8Elements of language C
Key words
Key words are the

predetermined identifiers having special values. Names of any objects of

the program should not coincide with the following reserved key words:
types of the data char float short typedef void double int signed union enum long struct unsigned
classes of memory auto extern register static
Elements of language C Key words Key words are the predetermined identifiers having special values. Names of

Слайд 9Elements of language C
Key words
operators break

default for return while case

do goto sizeof continue else if switch
special const far huge pascal cdecl fortran near volatile
Elements of language C Key words operators  break    default for  return

Слайд 10Elements of language C
Comments
Comments are understood as the

sequences of symbols ignored by the compiler. Comments have the

following form:
/* Characters */
where Characters there is an any combination of any printed symbols ASCII.
Elements of language C Comments Comments are understood as the sequences of symbols ignored by the compiler.

Слайд 11Elements of language C
Constants
Constants in language С can

be numbers (the whole and material), symbols and lines of

symbols which is allowable to use in the program in sense of their values. Value of any constant cannot be changed during work of the program. Special instructions of language enable to give to constants of any type symbolical names.
Elements of language C Constants Constants in language С can be numbers (the whole and material), symbols

Слайд 12Elements of language C
Operations and expressions
It is necessary

to understand the actions which are carried out by the

program above objects determined in her as operations. For a designation of operations some standard combinations of special symbols from the alphabet of language are used. The objects of the program participating in operation, refer to as operands. Any combination of one or greater number of operands and symbols of the operations, giving a unique value, forms expression. Any expression, coming to an end a semicolon, is the operator. The set of all operations of language С is convenient for dividing into eight following groups:
Elements of language C Operations and expressions It is necessary to understand the actions which are carried

Слайд 13Elements of language C
arithmetic operations + - * / %

++--
operations of the relation ==! = =
logic operations !

|| &&
bit-by-bit operations ~ <>> & | ^
operations of giving = + = - = * = / = % = <<=>> = and = ^ = | =


Elements of language C arithmetic operations + - * / % ++-- operations of the relation ==!

Слайд 14Elements of language C
operations above files []
operations above structures

and associations ->
other operations ?:, syzeof (type specifier) ()


Elements of language C operations above files  []operations above structures and associations ->other operations ?:, syzeof

Слайд 15Elements of language C
Operators
The elementary operator of language

С is any expression, coming to an end a semicolon.

In particular, separately worth semicolon is interpreted by the compiler as the zero - operator. The most significant group of operators is formed with instructions (operators) of management of process of performance of the program. To them concern:
Elements of language C Operators The elementary operator of language С is any expression, coming to an

Слайд 16Elements of language C
- operators of a cycle
for

(; ; ) statement;
while (expression) statement;

do statement while (expression);
Elements of language C - operators of a cycle for (; ; ) statement; while (expression)

Слайд 17Elements of language C
the conditional operator and the switch


if (expression)

statement1
switch (expression) {> .. .. .. > .. .. .. >}
Elements of language C the conditional operator and the switch if (expression)

Слайд 18Elements of language C
operators of transfer of management
goto break

continue return
Here expression there is an any correct expression

of language С (C++), and through statement it is designated simple or compound the operator whom, in particular, can be and any operator of management (see lower). The last means, that the investment of operators of management each other is allowable. Elements of designs of language, prisoners in angular brackets (<>), are not obligatory and can be lowered. One or several operators made in braces, the compound operator or the block form. The semicolon after a closing bracket thus is not put.
Elements of language C operators of transfer of managementgoto break continue return  	Here expression there is

Слайд 19Elements of language C
Descriptions
Descriptions in language С are

the lines of the program determining names and the characteristics

of functions, variable, types and the symbolical constants used in the program.
General structure of the program
Any program in language С represents set of the functions which are carrying out the basic work on realization of some algorithm. Each of these functions, in turn, is an independent set of descriptions and the operators made between heading of function and her end. That function with which performance of the program begins, refers to as the main function. She should have the predetermined name main ().
Elements of language C Descriptions Descriptions in language С are the lines of the program determining names

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