The Constitution of Russian Federation

предок
to revive – возрождать
to assert – утверждать

созывать
draft - законопроект
provision – положение

of its official publication

people of the Russian Federation, united by a common fate

on our land, establishing human rights and freedoms, civic peace and accord, preserving the historically established State unity, proceeding from universally recognized principles of equality and self-determination of peoples, revering the memory of ancestors who have conveyed to us the love for the Fatherland, belief in the good and justice, reviving the sovereign statehood of Russia and asserting the firmness of its democratic basis, striving to ensure the well being and prosperity of Russia, proceeding from the responsibility for our Fatherland before present and future generations, recognizing ourselves as part of the world community, adopt THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

соединенные общей судьбой на своей земле, утверждая права и свободы

человека, гражданский мир и согласие, сохраняя исторически сложившееся государственное единство, исходя из общепризнанных принципов равноправия и самоопределения народов, чтя память предков, передавших нам любовь и уважение к Отечеству, веру в добро и справедливость, возрождая суверенную государственность России и утверждая незыблемость ее демократической основы, стремясь обеспечить благополучие и процветание России, исходя из ответственности за свою Родину перед нынешним и будущими поколениями, сознавая себя частью мирового сообщества, принимаем КОНСТИТУЦИЮ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ.

and have direct effect, and shall be applicable throughout the

entire territory of the Russian Federation”

Constitutional System
Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen
The Federal Structure
The

President of the Russian Federation
The Federal Assembly
The Government of the Russian Federation
Judicial power
Local Self-Government
Constitutional Amendments and Review of the Constitution

the Constitution of Russian Federation is determined by its principles

- the main ideas proclaimed in its articles.

The principles of the Constitution of Russian Federation are mostly concentrated in Chapter 1 "Fundamentals of the constitutional order." They are detailed in other chapters and articles of Constitution.

and freedoms of man and citizen;
democracy (sovereignty of the people);
federalism;
separation

of powers;
humanity, social orientation;
economic freedom, diversity of ownership;

protection and recognition of local government;
legality;
state unity;
the equality of peoples on the territory of Russian Federation;
ideological diversity, multi-party political system.

man and citizen
The principle of democracy (sovereignty of the people)

(Art. 2 of the Constitution)
Constitution proclaims the widest range of individual rights and freedoms in various spheres of social life (economic, politic, social security, justice, the sphere of personal freedom).
Constitution clearly divides the main human rights and the rights of the citizen. The first are universal, applicable to all people on the territory of Russia. The second are available only to citizens of Russia.
The amount of human and civil rights enshrined by the Constitution, meets the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Social and Economic rights, other generally accepted international standards of human rights.

The sovereignty of the people means its supremacy and sovereignty in all matters of state and public life. "The people shall exercise their power directly and through bodies of state power and local self-government" (Art. 2, Art. 3 of the Constitution).
The Constitution fixes the system of state legal institutions. Above all the institutions is the opportunity of direct dominion of the people (referendum, free elections, meetings, demonstrations, etc..), then goes the activity of public authorities elected by the people (the Federal Assembly, the President of the Russian Federation), as well as the functioning of the local government system (elections in representative and executive bodies, local referendums).
More detailed arrangements for the implementation of the national sovereignty are prescribed in other chapters of the Constitution (4, 5, 7).

the principle of federalism subjects of the Russian Federation are

not administrative-territorial units, but the nation-state and state-territorial entities (Art. 5 of the Constitution).
The federal structure provides the decentralization of state power, taking into account national and regional characteristics of its subjects, makes it possible to transfer to the regions significant amount of management issues.
The federal structure defines the system of state bodies of the country, the structure of the legislation, the distribution of powers between the authorities. Federal structure of Russia is regulated by Chapter 3 of the Constitution.

The state system of the Russian Federation is built and operated according to the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial (Art. 10 of the Constitution).
The essence of this principle is to prevent the concentration of all branches of power in the same hands, the recognition of the independence of each of them in the exercise of their functions, as well as the creation of tools to influence the authorities at each other in order to deter them from abuse.

diversity of ownership
"The Russian Federation is a social state whose

policy is aimed at creating conditions for a dignified life and free development of its people" (Part II. Article 7 of the Constitution).
The essence of this principle lies in the fact that the state assumes some of the functions and responsibilities of the social sphere of society.
Social focus of Russian state is clearly expressed in its constitutional duty to ensure the implementation of fundamental human rights.

Constitution (Article 8) recognizes and protects equally private, state, municipal and other forms of property. Economic freedom is expressed in the possibility of people to use their abilities and property for entrepreneurial and not prohibited by the law of environmental activities (Art. 34 of the Constitution), the right to use their labor power (art. 37 of the Constitution).

of state unity
Local government is a collection of bodies and

institutions that provides independent decisions by population of some local issues.
According to the Russian Constitution, local self-government acts are an independent shape of the power by the people. Local governments are not included in the system of public authorities (Article 12 of the Constitution).

Legal form of the instrument of the sovereignty of the people is the sovereignty of the Russian Federation is the supremacy and independence of the Russian state. The sovereignty of the Russian Federation extends to its entire territory.
The Russian Constitution and federal laws have priority on the entire territory of the Russian Federation (art. 4 of the Constitution).

divided into several groups:
1. The rules form the

basis of the constitutional order (Sec. 1 of the Constitution of Russia). They secured the highest socio-political and legal values of the Russian society and have a higher legal force under the Constitution itself. They can be changed in a special way, compared with other provisions of the Constitution. Other provisions of the Constitution can not contradict the principles of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation (Art. 2, Art. 16 of the Constitution).

2. The constitutional provisions on human rights and freedoms (Sec. 2 of the Constitution). Their specificity is a direct ban (Art. 2, Art. 55 of the Constitution) in the enactment of laws abolishing or diminishing the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. In addition, the Constitution establishes the limits within which the constitutional norms may be temporarily restricted ( Art . 55).

out only in federal constitutional laws, which are special laws

most closely related to the Constitution. For their adoption they need to raise the number of votes of the State Duma and the Federation Council in comparison with the ordinary law.

4. The remaining provisions of the Constitution, with increased legal force as compared to the ordinary laws.

for amending (stability);
enhanced security and protection of constitutional norms;
Constitution is

the basis of all legislation;
direct effect on the entire territory of the Russian Federation.