59 million
non-white immigration since WWII
from South Asia, West Indies, and
East Asia4.6 million (8% of total population)
Europeans?
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Politics in Britain
Содержание
- 1. Politics in Britain
- 2. ExecutiveLegislatureCourtBureaucraciesPolitical partiesInterest groupsDomestic economyDomestic cultureDomestic societyU.S.FranceGermanyRussia
- 3. United KingdomSizeabout two times that of the
- 4. United Kingdom > Great BritainUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandcreated in 1801Great BritainEnglandScotlandWales
- 5. Historical evolution: gradualismHistorical challenges to all industrialized
- 6. Monarch versus Parliament1215: Magna Carta1500s: the Church
- 7. Unwritten constitutionLack of a written constitution
- 8. Parliamentary systemParliament selects the prime ministerprime minister
- 9. Слайд 9
- 10. British governmentGovernmentQueen’s, Tony Blair’s, or Labour governmentWhitehall Streetexecutive agenciesDowning Streetprime minister’s residenceWestminsterparliament
- 11. Democratization continued1832: Great Reform Act (men’s suffrage)1911:
- 12. Electoral systemSingle-member districtFirst-past-the-post (winner-take-all) system
- 13. Election results
- 14. ParliamentThe House of Commons659 membersvoting is 100%
- 15. House of Commonsthe government gets its wayMPs
- 16. ExecutiveLegislatureCourtBureaucraciesPolitical partiesInterest groupsDomestic economyDomestic cultureDomestic societyU.S.FranceGermanyRussia
- 17. Parties and interest groupsPostwar collectivist consensus until
- 18. Collectivist ConsensusBoth Labour and Conservative gradually expanded
- 19. Margaret ThatcherEconomic stagflation in 1970sNeither party was
- 20. Margaret ThatcherServed (1979 - 1990) longer without
- 21. Слайд 21
- 22. Welfare stateEven under Thatcher and Major, Britain
- 23. Margaret Thatcher1979-1984 government spending actually rose from
- 24. New Labour Party1997 electoral victorythe largest majority
- 25. Tony Blair & “Third Way”“Third way” alternative
- 26. Слайд 26
- 27. Слайд 27
- 28. % Voted for Labour PartyYear Working class Women1974 57% 38%1979 50% 35%1983 38% 26%1987 42% 32%1992 45% 34%1997 58% 49%
- 29. Hypothetical voter distributionnleft social-economic spectrum right
- 30. Interest groupsCivil societyinstitutions independent of governmentInterest groups
- 31. Interest groupsOrganizations of British businessesConfederation of British
- 32. Interest aggregationPolitical demands of individuals and groups
- 33. Interest aggregation
- 34. Скачать презентанцию
ExecutiveLegislatureCourtBureaucraciesPolitical partiesInterest groupsDomestic economyDomestic cultureDomestic societyU.S.FranceGermanyRussia
Слайды и текст этой презентации
Слайд 2Executive
Legislature
Court
Bureaucracies
Political parties
Interest groups
Domestic economy
Domestic culture
Domestic society
U.S.
France
Germany
Russia
Слайд 3United Kingdom
Size
about two times that of the state of Mississippi
Population
about
59 million
East Asia4.6 million (8% of total population)
Europeans?
Слайд 4United Kingdom > Great Britain
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
created in 1801
Great Britain
England
Scotland
Wales
Слайд 5Historical evolution: gradualism
Historical challenges to all industrialized democracies:
Building the nation-state
Defining
the relationship between church and state
Establishing liberal democracy
Dealing with the
impact of the industrial revolution
Слайд 6Monarch versus Parliament
1215: Magna Carta
1500s: the Church of England
1642-60: Civil
War and Restoration
1688: Glorious Revolution
1701: Act of Settlement
royal succession
Early 1700s:
emergence of prime minister
Слайд 8Parliamentary system
Parliament selects the prime minister
prime minister is not elected
by popular vote
normally the head of majority party or coalition
Cabinet
responsibility to parliamentmajor legislation and votes of confidence
voters
Parliament
Majority party
Minority party
Prime minister
& cabinet
Слайд 10British government
Government
Queen’s, Tony Blair’s, or Labour government
Whitehall Street
executive agencies
Downing Street
prime
minister’s residence
Westminster
parliament
Слайд 11Democratization continued
1832: Great Reform Act (men’s suffrage)
1911: Reform of House
of Lords
1928: Right to vote for all adults
Слайд 14Parliament
The House of Commons
659 members
voting is 100% along party lines
in most votes
party versus constituency interests
the House of Lords
is not
electedreforms
Слайд 15House of Commons
the government gets its way
MPs weigh political reputations
MPs
in the governing party have opportunities to influence government
MPs talk
about legislationMPs scrutinize administration of policies
MPs publicizing issues
Слайд 16Executive
Legislature
Court
Bureaucracies
Political parties
Interest groups
Domestic economy
Domestic culture
Domestic society
U.S.
France
Germany
Russia
Слайд 17Parties and interest groups
Postwar collectivist consensus until 1970s
consensus about role
of government for the collective economic and social good
state should
take expanded responsibilityeconomic growth and full employment
state should provide social welfare
public education, health care, etc.
publicly owned sector (1/5 of total production)
Слайд 18Collectivist Consensus
Both Labour and Conservative gradually expanded the role of
government
Party identification, electoral behavior, and occupation were strongly correlated
most of
working class voted Labourmost of middle class voted Conservative
Слайд 19Margaret Thatcher
Economic stagflation in 1970s
Neither party was able to manage
economy well
1978-79 “winter of discontent” strikes
Thatcher’s alternative vision
cut taxes, reduce
social servicesstimulate the private sector
market and “businesslike” methods
Слайд 20Margaret Thatcher
Served (1979 - 1990) longer without interruption than any
other British prime minister in 20th century
Слайд 22Welfare state
Even under Thatcher and Major, Britain experienced real growth
in both social services and health care provisions
Слайд 23Margaret Thatcher
1979-1984 government spending actually rose from 39% of GNP
to 44% of GNP
1890: 8%
1910: 12%
1920: 26%
1989 survey: less than
1/3 approved of the “Thatcher revolution”
Слайд 24New Labour Party
1997 electoral victory
the largest majority in parliament (419/659)
that the Labour Party has ever held
Conservative vote fell to
its lowest share since 1832Tony Blair: “New Labour is a party of ideas and ideals, but not of outdated ideology. What counts is what works.”
Слайд 25Tony Blair & “Third Way”
“Third way” alternative to collectivism and
Thatcherism:
rejected the historic ties between Labour governments and the trade
union movementreversed the tendency to provide centralized statist solutions to economic and social problem
A vague philosophy to draw support from across the social-economic spectrum.
Слайд 28% Voted for Labour Party
Year Working class Women
1974 57% 38%
1979 50% 35%
1983 38% 26%
1987 42% 32%
1992 45% 34%
1997 58% 49%
Слайд 30Interest groups
Civil society
institutions independent of government
Interest groups influence politics
not by
contesting elections
regardless of which party wins
Distance between party and interest
groupsInterest groups criticize partisan allies
Слайд 31Interest groups
Organizations of British businesses
Confederation of British Industries
dominated by large
firms
Organizations of British labour
Trades Union Congress (TUC)
38% of workforce is
unionized90% of unionized workers are affiliated with TUC
affiliation with the Labour Party
Слайд 32Interest aggregation
Political demands of individuals and groups are combined into
policy programs
farmers, environmentalists, business, etc.
substantial political resources
popular votes, campaign funds,
legislative seats, executive influence, etc.competing policy goals are compromised to produce a single governing program
